https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dign%C4%81ga
The ancient and medieval Indian schools of philosophy call epistemology as Pramanas. Different schools consider different number of epistemic means to correct knowledge, between one of Charvaka school to six of Advaita Vedanta: Pratyakṣa (perception), Anumāṇa (inference), Upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), Arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), Anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof) and Śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts). To verify the interconnection and maps above: [1] Jeaneane Fowler (2002), Perspectives of Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hinduism, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 978-1898723943, page 134-146; [2] Karl Potter (2004), The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Indian metaphysics and epistemology, Volume 2, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120803091, pages 222-238; [3] John A Grimes (2006), A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy, State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-0791430675, pages 237-240; [4] Lati Rinbochay and Elizabeth Napper (1981), Mind in Tibetan Buddhism, ISBN 978-0937938027, pages 115-119
百讚頌:對世尊的一百個尊稱
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從倖存的對應經典,可以讓我們窺視到最初經典結集的樣貌,有道是「以管窺豹,只見一斑」,但是,這比僅從圖畫見到的豹珍貴多了。
在《中阿含133經》與對應經典《中部56經》,經名都是「優婆離經Upāli
sutta」,這是相當生動、精彩的故事。耆那教的俗家弟子優婆離,前往與世尊論辯,最後折服而改宗佛教,雖然世尊指...
3 days ago
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