The ancient and medieval Indian schools of philosophy call epistemology as Pramanas. Different schools consider different number of epistemic means to correct knowledge, between one of Charvaka school to six of Advaita Vedanta: Pratyakṣa (perception), Anumāṇa (inference), Upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), Arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), Anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof) and Śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts). To verify the interconnection and maps above: [1] Jeaneane Fowler (2002), Perspectives of Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hinduism, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 978-1898723943, page 134-146; [2] Karl Potter (2004), The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Indian metaphysics and epistemology, Volume 2, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120803091, pages 222-238; [3] John A Grimes (2006), A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy, State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-0791430675, pages 237-240; [4] Lati Rinbochay and Elizabeth Napper (1981), Mind in Tibetan Buddhism, ISBN 978-0937938027, pages 115-119
《增支部3.5經》:愚人
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《增支部3.5經》:愚人
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《增支部3.5經》提到「具三種法」為愚人。
元亨寺版的翻譯為:「非理以解問、非理答其問,復不歡喜他人以滿足、有脈絡、適切之顯句如理答其問者」。
譯文「非理以解問」的文意很難理解。
莊春江師的翻譯為:「不如理問題的作者(提問者),是不如理問題的回答者,又對如理問題被他人以完...
3 days ago
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