A cybernetic model of self-attention processes.

Journal ArticleDatabase: PsycARTICLES

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Carver, Charles S.

Citation

Carver, C. S. (1979). A cybernetic model of self-attention processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(8), 1251-1281.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.37.8.1251

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Abstract

Proposes a model of self-directed attention, which includes the following assumptions: When attention is directed to environmental stimuli, those stimuli are analyzed and categorized according to the person's preexisting recognitory schemas. Self-directed attention often leads to a similar analysis of self-information; experientially, such a state of self-focus enhances awareness of one's salient self-aspects. In some cases categorization—either of one's context or of some self-element—elicits a response schema, which constitutes a behavioral standard. If a prior categorization has evoked such a behavioral standard, subsequent self-attention engages an automatic sequence in which behavior is altered to conform more closely with the standard. This matching-to-standard is construed as the occurrence within a psychological system of a test-operate-test-exit unit or a negative feedback loop—a cybernetic construct applicable to many phenomena. If the matching-to-standard process is interrupted, subsequent behavior depends on an outcome expectancy judgment. A favorable outcome expectancy causes a return to the matching-to-standard attempt; an unfavorable expectancy results in behavioral withdrawal. (3 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)