学佛修行的人应该彻底认识所缘缘,因为这对于修行断烦恼是有很大帮助的。
所缘缘是因缘等四缘中的一缘,在大小乘教理上都有这个名词。小乘以外色极微、和合色等为所缘缘,大乘以内识所变现的相分为所缘缘。旧译没有“所”字,但称“缘缘”,新译名所缘缘。在婆娑论曰境界缘,部执论曰所了缘,杂心论同于旧译。俱舍论同于新译;译名虽然各各不同,但所诠示的体义,则是一样东西。要彻底了解所缘缘的定义,必须把“所缘”和“缘”字分开来说明:能缘心识所缘虑的自识上所现起的相分叫做“所缘”,心识生起所仗托的实法叫做“缘”;若是有一法旣是识所缘虑的,又是识所托起的,这一法就叫做“所缘缘”了。陈那菩萨在他所著的观所缘缘论中说:“谓能缘识,带彼相起,及有实体,令能缘识,托彼而生。”就是明明白白解释所缘缘的意思。
所缘缘分两种:一是亲所缘缘,二是疏所缘缘。上面“带彼相起”的“带”字,具有“挟带”“带似”两种意义;“挟带”是指亲所缘缘说的,“带似”是指疏所缘缘说的。
能缘见分直接“挟带”内识所变现的影像相分而生起了别作用,如日舒光,亲附其体,心和境两不相离,是名亲所缘缘。能缘见分望于本质境是间接地“带似”彼相而起缘虑作用,心和境隔离,是名疏所缘缘。又亲所缘缘即自识所变的相分决定是有的,所谓缘“无”不生心。疏所缘缘即自识变相分时所托的本质境有无就不一定,,如实际上虽无龟毛兔角,但意识也可假构其形状而加以缘虑。
成唯识论第七卷中说所缘缘云:“若有法是带己相,心或相应所虑所托。此体有二,一亲、二疏。若与能缘体不相离,是见分等内所虑托,应知彼是亲所缘缘。若与能缘体虽相离,为质能起内所虑托,应知彼是疏所缘缘。亲所缘缘,能缘皆有,离内所托必不生故。疏所缘缘,能缘或有,离外所虑托亦得生故。”读了这一段论文,对于亲、疏二种所缘缘的体义,就格外地清楚了。
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